RISK FACTORS

• Tobacco use
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals –
• Chronic acid reflux (GERD)
• Poor oral hygiene
• Weakened immune system
• Family history of cancer

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

• A lump or sore that doesn’t heal
• Persistent sore throat
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Ear pain or hearing loss
• Nasal congestion or nosebleeds
• Unexplained weight loss
• Swelling in the jaw or neck

TYPES

• Oral Cancer
• Throat Cancer (Pharyngeal Cancer)
• Laryngeal Cancer (Voice Box Cancer)
• Nasopharyngeal Cancer
• Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer
• Salivary Gland Cancer

DIAGNOSIS

   Imaging Tests:

• X-ray – To check for any abnormalities in the head and neck area.
• CT Scan – Provides a detailed cross-sectional view of the affected area.
• MRI – Helps detect soft tissue tumors in the head and neck.
• PET-CT Scan – Identifies cancerous cells throughout the body.

  Biopsy & Laboratory Tests:

• Tissue biopsy – A sample is taken to check for cancer cells.
• Endoscopy – A tiny camera is used to examine the throat and airways.
• HPV and other viral testing – To determine if a virus is linked to the cancer.

TREATMENT

• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• External beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy 

­­PREVENTION

✔️ Quit tobacco and limit alcohol consumption
✔️ Get vaccinated against HPV

✔️ Maintain good oral hygiene
✔️ Eat a balanced diet

✔️ Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals –

✔️ Get regular health check-ups –